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(Originally published in Arlene’s Grammar Diva Blog.

Schw is the stock market abbreviation for Charles Schwab.

Schwa is the unstressed central vowel represented by the symbol /ə/ in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

Dictionary addicts are well acquainted with this pronunciation symbol.  It is a “lazy,” quick sound made with the tongue in a central position, and it is the most common vowel sound in the English language. It is found in unstressed  or unaccented syllables.

The symbol for the schwa is ⟨ə⟩, a rotated lowercase letter “e.”

It sounds like  a relaxed, neutral vowel sound, sometimes described as a quick “uh.” 

The schwa sound is made by positioning the tongue in the middle of the mouth, neither high nor low, and part way to the roof of the mouth. 

The schwa sound can be produced by any vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or sometimes is not written at all. Most commonly it appears as  a, e, or o.

a – in america (the first and last ‘a’)

e –  in item,

 o –  in police

The sound between “th” and “m” in rhythm

Other words containing the schwa include upon (u), below (e), balloon (a), syringe (y), berserk (first er), broken (e), basket (e), happen (e) and heaven (e).

The schwa is the most frequent sound in English, with estimates suggesting it makes up approximately 12  per cent of all spoken phonemes and around 20 percent of all vowel phonemes. It’s estimated that one out of every eight sounds produced is a schwa. This sound is prevalent because it efficiently shortens unstressed syllables,  making it a common feature in most multi-syllabic words.

The schwa is used not only in  English, but in French, German, and Russian, although not in all languages.  It’s a common feature in many languages due to vowel reduction in unstressed positions and is even used as a gender-neutral ending in some dialects of Italian and other languages.
 

Author

  • Arlene Miller

    Arlene Miller, also known as The Grammar Diva, is an author, grammarian, teacher, speaker, and blogger. She offers grammar workshops, classes, and entertaining presentations; and writes and publishes grammar books. She also writes the weekly Grammar Diva Blog. The Grammar Diva lives in Wimauma, Florida (formerly Petaluma, CA) with her faithful chihuahua. Her two grown children are her everything -- and she also enjoys coffee, chocolate, reading, and trying to play the piano.

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